ChatGPT – Opportunities and Challenges

In just a few months, generative artificial intelligence, such as ChatGPT, has sparked both excitement and uncertainty in the world of work. Many see it as a technology capable of revolutionizing work practices, enhancing productivity, and optimizing processes. However, the adoption of ChatGPT at work is not immediate. The use of the technology varies significantly across sectors, professions, and workers. Its widespread adoption could therefore amplify existing disparities.

A recent study published in the journal PNAS explores how new technologies, such as ChatGPT, are transforming the labor market. Researchers Anders Humlum and Emilie Vestergaard analyzed ChatGPT adoption among 18,000 workers in Denmark, spanning 11 professions. The results, based on survey data, helped identify who uses ChatGPT and how it affects careers.

The study data show that workers are divided on the benefits of ChatGPT. About 37% of workers believe the technology can save time. However, the perceived impact varies with experience. More experienced workers do not see it as a major advantage compared to their less experienced colleagues, in line with research suggesting that for the highly experienced, ChatGPT is not necessarily the best solution. Moreover, many workers are unsure how the technology will impact their job. Some fear it could compromise quality, while others doubt their ability to use it effectively. Despite optimistic forecasts, adoption of ChatGPT remains limited. Many employers, especially in sectors dealing with sensitive information, explicitly restrict the use of ChatGPT. In addition, adoption is hindered by the need for training, particularly in less tech-oriented sectors, such as education.

Although workers recognize ChatGPT’s time-saving potential, many are not willing to increase their workload. About 37% say they would not take on more work even if ChatGPT saved them time. This resistance to change may stem from the fact that workers do not see how time saved translates into actual gains in productivity or income.

Resistance to adoption does not seem to stem from fear of job loss, but rather from practical and psychological factors. Many workers do not want to depend on technology, fearing it might reduce the satisfaction they derive from their work. This is especially evident in creative or interactive professions, such as journalism or teaching. However, the use of ChatGPT seems more effective in tech sectors, where writing and automation are central.

Pierluigi Conzo
NP February 2025