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Sanctuary, fearless, supportive, welcoming cities: each continent has its own prevalent adjective to define the same civic and municipal behavior. The concept of sanctuary can be traced back to ancient times, when religious institutions offered refuge to those fleeing persecution. In medieval Europe, churches even provided refuge to criminals and debtors, offering them temporary protection from legal authorities. Today, “sanctuary” or “fearless” cities are proud to be called such and are the subject of study in international law that fully recognizes them.

Traditional hospitality and tolerance in Asia. Some cities in India have a long tradition of providing refuge to various communities fleeing persecution, such as Tibetans and Sri Lankan Tamils. Local governments and communities offer essential services and support to these groups. The capital of the Tibetan government in exile, Dharamsala in Himachal Pradesh is the destination of thousands of people seeking peace, tranquility and spiritual guidance. A lesser-known Tibetan town in India is Bylakuppe, located 90 kilometers from Mysore on SH 88. Bylakuppe comprises two Tibetan refugee settlements established in 1961 and 1969 respectively and has now grown into a full-fledged town, home to the largest Tibetan population outside of Dharamsala in India. In Thailand, a large community of displaced people and ethnic minorities who fled the civil war in Myanmar have lived in several locations around Chiang Mai for nearly 50 years near the border with Myanmar. In Japan, while the national government maintains strict controls on immigration, some cities have shown a more welcoming attitude towards foreign residents. In South Korea, some cities have established “multicultural family support centers” that offer various services to immigrants and their families, such as language classes, vocational training and job-search counseling.

Good practices observed in these cities include community support: promoting cultural exchange, fostering understanding and providing practical assistance. Language assistance: Helps new arrivals integrate into society and access essential services. Access to services: Ensures everyone has access to healthcare, education and other essential services. Legal support: Helps undocumented people navigate complex immigration procedures and assert their rights. Vocational training and employment support: Helps them become self-sufficient and contribute to the local economy.


Sandro Calvani
NP June / July 2024